CADR HACKS, display, sound, and novelty programs

Evidence boundary

The implementation boundary is public LM-3 System 303 check-in 4df393c. Its HACKS declaration is commented out of the base build as optional, but defines the authoritative component set when a user loads it. The extra-source boundary is every canonical demo/*.lisp file in that same check-in after excluding Doctor, MUNCH, Paint, continuity testing, and Versatec, which have separate application dossiers.

The public System 46 snapshot at commit 8e978d7 is used only where a corresponding released source or compiled artifact survives. The live runtime boundary and screenshot will be recorded below; source-defined features not exercised in that session remain labeled as such.

What the optional system actually loads

The menu itself receives 22 top-level entries when all active modules finish loading: Quit; Abacus; Beep Hacks; Crock; Digital Crock; Splines; TV bug; three GEB families; two Hollerith editors; Munching Squares; Munching Tunes; Live Bounce; Lexiphage; Qix; Rotate; Life; Rotating Circles; Worm; and Worm-Trails. Nested submenus make the number of directly selectable actions larger. ALARM, DEUTSC, Doctor, and ORGAN are callable facilities without DEFDEMO entries.

HAKDEF: registry, menu, and execution wrapper

DEFDEMO does not create a frame class or command. It updates *DEMO-ALIST* with an entry of the form (name :VALUE value :DOCUMENTATION string). A one-form definition becomes a direct menu action; a multi-form definition becomes a nested MENU tree. Reloading a definition replaces its documentation and value by name rather than duplicating it.

HACKS:DEMO copies and sorts the current list case-insensitively, calls the ordinary TV menu chooser, recurses into submenus, and evaluates the selected form inside an Abort restart. A null choice or Quit exits. This dynamic registration explains why system membership, source presence, and a menu entry are three different facts.

WITH-REAL-TIME temporarily leaves only keyboard scheduling breaks enabled and restores the former scheduler state with UNWIND-PROTECT. Long-running graphics and sound loops use it for smooth timing while retaining a keyboard escape. The shared 1001-by-1001 HOF-WINDOW and smaller 200-by-200 variant clear stale input and labels when selected and are reused by several programs rather than recreated.

ABACUS

The Abacus is a two-pane process frame. Its lower graphical pane renders ten decimal columns from the public ABACUS raster font: glyph A is the empty rod and glyph B a bead. The upper interaction pane accepts commands. The two upper beads encode five units and the five lower beads encode zero through four, so each column represents one decimal digit.

The public method API also supplies :SET-CURRENT-NUMBER, :CURRENT-NUMBER, and :OPERATE with + or -; this makes the display scriptable, not only mouse-driven. The demo wrapper waits until the frame is deexposed before returning to the HACKS menu.

ALARM

ALARM is a background notification framework, not a clock-window demo. A low-priority process wakes every 7,200 sixtieths of a second—two minutes by default—and asks each symbol on ALARM-LIST to run property-based CHECK, NOTIFY, RESET, and ADD-ALARM functions. It locks the database during checks, queues notifications until after the lock is released, removes a failing alarm family, reports its error, and kills itself when no work remains. Logout initialization kills the process and clears its state.

The source therefore exposes two important limits absent from a simple “alarm clock” description: polling precision is bounded by the sleep interval, and mail, host, and free-machine checks require functioning site, file, and Chaos services. There is no finished mouse editor; the file explicitly leaves that as future work.

BEEPS

BEEPS is a sound laboratory built over SYS:%BEEP, not one melody. Its top-level BEEPS function prints implementation and parameter documentation; the menu exposes the following complete action set:

The source additionally contains encoded races, bat5, deck, jingle, tree, kiss, nuts, and joy tunes; functions RACES, BAT5, and ZOWIE; PLAY-SONG, PLAY-NOTES, and PLAY-NOTE; experimental volume control; and a raw-Unibus BUZZ. BEEP-INSTALL is unusually invasive: it replaces TV:BEEP with RND-BEEP for the login environment while arranging to restore the old definition at login cleanup. That operation is callable but deliberately absent from the demo menu.

CROCK: analog wall clock

Crock owns a process-backed window using 43VXMS. It draws a circular face and the numbers 1 through 12, then XOR-erases and redraws three hands. The ornate hour and minute hands are polygonal curve descriptions; the second hand is a simple line. The hour hand updates to quarter-hour precision, the minute hand to half-minute precision, and the second hand each second. The process sleeps 30 ticks, just under one second, between checks.

On the hour, and once at each half-hour, it calls the shared Organ note-string interpreter for a prelude and then sounds one chime or the current twelve-hour count. The HACKS wrapper selects Crock, waits for any character in the previously selected window, and buries the clock. The CROCK entry itself creates or reuses a nearly full-screen window and selects it.

DC: Digital Crock

Digital Crock displays HH:MM:SS as six generated, slanted seven-segment digits, with no font glyphs. It renders each old and new digit into temporary bit arrays, XORs them, and applies only the changed strokes to the screen. The leading hour zero is suppressed. If Crock's PLAY-TIME is loaded, DC reuses its half-hour and hourly chime behavior.

DC centers and exposes the reusable process window; :START releases its update loop. As with Crock, the demo wrapper waits for one character in the selected window and then buries it. Width, height, stroke thickness, slant, colon geometry, and all spacing are named source constants, making the display algorithmically scalable only by editing and reloading those mutually derived constants.

DEUTSC: German number, date, and time printing

DEUTSC is a formatting facility with no demo-menu entry. GERMAN-PRINT spells signed cardinal or ordinal integers in groups from units through quadrillions; GERMAN-PRINT-TIME expresses time in minute, quarter, half, and “before/after” forms; and WIEVIEL-UHR combines the German weekday, ordinal day, month, year, and spoken time.

The file installs :GERMAN as a Lisp printer base. On window streams GERMAN-PRINC temporarily selects S35GER, restores the prior font map and current font with UNWIND-PROTECT, and otherwise writes plain transliterations. It also installs an :ASK printer which opens a menu for Decimal, Octal, Binary, two Roman forms, English, or German. Misspellings in several literal word tables are preserved implementation data, not corrected linguistic claims.

DLWHAK: PARC labels, Splines, tally notation, and TV Bug

This module is four related experiments:

GEB: Godel, Escher, Birds, and related experiments

GEB supplies mathematical XOR drawing and sound routines on the shared HOF window. The four public families are related by endpoints which advance at fixed rates in a 2,000-unit reflected coordinate space.

Additional callable experiments are BACH, which maps the eight reflected coordinate values to tones; GODEL*, which perturbs exact corner coincidences; KUPFER, which admits floating-point velocities; KUPFER-GOLD, which derives tone from line angle; and potential-field drawing over lists of weighted points. These are real source functions but not separate registered applications.

HCEDIT: Hollerith card editors

HCEDIT draws an 80-column IBM 5081-style punched card from line, rectangle, tiny-font, and TVFONT operations, then maintains both an 80-character string and the punched holes implied by a complete source table of accepted characters.

Hollerith Editor edits one card. Multiple Hollerith Editor repeats the same editor indefinitely and shifts each completed screen image by -5 horizontally and -20 vertically, producing a visible stack; its source defines no ordinary exit from the outer loop, so Abort is the practical escape.

OHACKS: retained older demonstrations

OHACKS is a collection rather than one program. Its active menu entries are:

• Munching Tunes, which maps the Munching Squares XOR sequence to %BEEP periods. The submenu offers the exact starts From the beginning (A=0) and Interesting (A=571565); any character stops and the final accumulator is returned.
• Live Bounce, a 20-lamp switch-register animation derived from a late SIPB PDP-8/S program. It grows and shrinks a moving run of bits, reverses direction at the ends, periodically complements the display, accepts an optional busy-wait delay, and stops on any character.
• Lexiphage, documented fully in the word-eater dossier.

Callable but intentionally unregistered Green Hornet draws alternating nested circles around two nearby centers; Circles draws concentric circles. The source says they are omitted because they are boring and demonstrate slow circle drawing. The file also preserves commented DDT-style raw-Unibus “Carpet” debugging code; it is inert historical source, not an available menu tool. Munching Squares itself is in the separate MUNCH module.

ORGAN and Gamelan

ORGAN turns ordinary keyboard characters into a live monophonic instrument while recording the resulting tune string. Every mapped letter has a source-computed tone period; uppercase and lowercase forms give adjacent pitches. The complete key map, expressed as the source's octal PIANO index, is:

PLAY recursively accepts a tune string, a symbol naming one, a list of pieces, or a character code. Zmacs command Play Region sends the selected text to it. GAMELAN and PLAY-GAMELAN dynamically substitute a seven-note pelog period table on keys A through J. There is no HACKS menu entry; users call ORGAN or GAMELAN.

QIX

QIX is explicitly not the arcade game. Two endpoints execute bounded random walks; each cycle XORs a line between them and erases the line which falls out of a circular history. The resulting moving ribbon has a configurable trail length. Endpoint velocities change by -1, 0, or +1 each cycle, clamp to magnitude 12, and reverse at window edges.

The maintained menu calls the faster NQIX, whose defaults are trail length 64 in the file's octal syntax, the current terminal stream, and a very large iteration limit. It clears stale input before drawing and stops when a hardware keyboard character becomes available or the explicit times count is reached. Cleanup XORs away every retained line in the older implementation; the faster version exits without that final history sweep.

ROTATE and Life

These two algorithms share a file because both were translated from Smalltalk code published in the August 1981 Byte.

Rotate accepts a square one-bit array whose dimension is a power of two. It uses two work arrays and 2 + 15*log2(N) BITBLTs to rotate the bitmap clockwise in place. The demo prints the local FORMAT function documentation as a random 512-by-512 source image, copies it into an array, displays every transformation stage, and waits for a character after completion.

Life copies the current little HOF window into a one-bit state array, computes all eight neighbor counts with Boolean BITBLTs, applies Conway's survival/birth rule, redisplays, and prints the generation number. RUN-LIFE seeds it with one horizontal line. It permits up to 100,000 generations and stops on any character. The implementation deliberately uses 65 BITBLTs per generation rather than a cell loop.

ROTCIR: rotating circles

Rotating Circles opens a small prompt window in decimal input mode and asks for two values: radius and angle step from 1 through 90. It then selects a reusable labeled graphics window, draws a central circle plus four equal circles whose centers move around the four cardinal positions, and advances from angle zero through 90 degrees. The source does not validate the documented radius range or reject a zero/negative step, so malformed input can fail or loop; that is an implementation limit.

After drawing it prints “Hit any key to flush,” reads one character, and kills the graphics window. Despite its menu description as a “spirograph crock,” it is a deterministic quarter-turn construction, not an interactive freehand Spirograph.

WORM

WORM overlays six coroutining stack groups which draw recursive ternary paths with different WORM sprite characters and raster operations. It first draws a large base worm until the recursive shape fits, then presets gray, black, striped, and erasing wormlets at staggered ternary phases. The font is executable display data: glyph codes 2 through 5 distinguish the compositing layers.

The command prompt reads its numeric prefixes in base 9:

The label reports the generation in base 9. Screen-edge clipping changes the fit flag during the initial size pass rather than wrapping the visible path.

WORM-TRAILS

Worm-Trails is a training game. A line starts at the pond center. At each step the program samples the eight neighboring pixels into an eight-bit “node” describing existing trails. Eight near-dead-end nodes have forced exits; an unknown node stops and asks the player to choose.

At a decision, a circle and beep mark the node, a magnifying blinker follows the pointer, and a temporary XOR line previews one of eight directions. Moving over an occupied direction produces a warning beep. Clicking any mouse button while over an unoccupied direction selects it. The learned choice is stored for every rotationally equivalent node, so later encounters proceed automatically.

The worm dies of brain-damage on a wall or starvation when surrounded. It then waits for a character, reports cause, move count, and the learned move sequence, and asks Again?. A new round clears learned choices and trails; learning is deliberately per round rather than persistent.

Extra canonical demo source outside HACKS

The following files are canonical System 303 source but are not active components of the optional HACKS system. Their presence establishes recoverable implementation, not load-band availability.

CAFE

CAFE draws the cafe-wall optical illusion in a dedicated four-bit color window. The simple form uses alternating colors 1 and 2 separated by color 3; the elaborate form assigns opposing runs of color-map indexes to alternate rows. CCH shows a black, white, and gray version, CCHC cycles the three colors sinusoidally, and CAFE-SLIDE animates alternate rows in opposite directions by changing color-map entries rather than redrawing the tiles.

It explicitly requires a color monitor and is commented out of HACKS. Complete color-map semantics and parameters are in the color-system dossier.

COLORHACK

COLORHACK is a library and interactive color mixer for the optional four-bit screen. It initializes screen geometry; reads, writes, prints, saves, restores, shades, randomizes, blackens, and melts 16-entry RGB maps; provides clipped point, line, character, string, circle, and filled-circle primitives; and builds an RGB mixing window. In the mixer, left, middle, and right mouse buttons raise red, green, and blue; double-click-and-hold lowers the corresponding channel; any keyboard character finishes and returns the RGB triple.

The implementation works directly with the hardware color map and screen array, which is why the system declaration leaves it out on ordinary monochrome machines. Its complete callable surface is cataloged in the color-system dossier.

COLXOR

COLXOR layers symmetric line algorithms and color-map animation over COLORHACK. Its optional Color TV Hacks menu, registered only if the file is loaded, exposes the source-defined color experiments: non-color baseline, Smoking Clover, color ramp and march, guard, zoom, mash, fractional tour, random ramp, and brighten. Several functions change the live hardware map continuously and stop only through keyboard input or an error/Abort path. The module is therefore both peripheral-bound and globally stateful, not a safe monochrome menu curiosity. See the per-experiment inventory.

CRAZE

CRAZE chooses a random interior origin and draws 29 recursively branching, jagged rays. Each ray advances by randomized vector steps, can fork with a gradually increasing probability, and can connect to a previous ray through recursively split “cracks.” All visible segments use XOR.

The source's CLIPPED-LINE function is only endpoint clamping: it forces each coordinate into the bounding box and reports whether any clamp occurred. It is not a general line-intersection clipper. CRAZE has no menu registration, no input loop, and no explicit clear or wait; it draws one composition into the selected window and returns.

FREDKIN

FREDKIN implements a reversible-style XOR cellular image transform. On every iteration, each output pixel is the XOR of its left, right, upper, and lower neighbors and, when middle-toggle is true, the original center pixel. The menu form requests the center-inclusive version and stops on any keyboard input.

The file unconditionally loads SYS:DEMO;ELP-ARRAY before defining its entry point. That input is absent from the pinned checkout, so loading the canonical file fails before the registered Fredkin demo can exist. Supplying an arbitrary pattern to FAST-FREDKIN would exercise the algorithm but would not recover the missing historical picture; a future test must label a researcher-created pattern as such.

LISS

LISS is a small vector-display substrate rather than a ready-made demo. It accepts two eight-element duration lists for X and Y. MERGE-DURATIONS walks their shared time line, advancing through the fixed slope sequence 0, 1, 2, 1, 0, -1, -2, -1, and produces (duration, x-slope, y-slope) segments. DISPLAY-LISS repeatedly integrates those segments from a supplied origin and draws XOR triangles between the origin and successive positions.

Any input character stops the display. The caller controls slowness and target window. No canned duration sequence, top-level constructor, or DEFDEMO is present, so the source establishes a programmable Lissajous-like renderer, not a discoverable application with a default picture.

PFOM: image window and Lunar Turkey

PFOM expects a 600-column, four-bit input named SYS:DEMO;RISING SUN, decodes it into FOM-ARRAY, and displays a centered/cropped view in a color-screen window. That input is absent from the pinned checkout; its default picture cannot be reconstructed from this source alone.

TURKEY turns any displayed window into a sliding-tile puzzle: it divides the image into a configurable grid, erases the upper-left tile, scrambles by 30–49 legal moves without immediate reversal, and animates each tile move in ten steps. A click on a tile orthogonally adjacent to the hole moves it; an invalid click beeps; the right mouse button exits. There is no solved-state test, score, move counter, or menu registration. Running it on researcher-owned pixels can test the mechanism without substituting another picture for the missing historical input.

TREEDV: segmented 3-D vector display

At 88,148 bytes, TREEDV is a graphics environment rather than a single visual hack. It implements:

• named, nested line/point segments with open, close, clear, delete, transform, and draw/display operations;
• a stack of homogeneous 4-by-4 transformations, including identity, rotation, scale, translation, orthographic WIND, perspective WINDP, and MAST;
• three-dimensional clipping and generalized-coordinate-to-window conversion;
• double-buffered one-bit or four-bit drawing, with named color-map support from COLORHACK; and
• primitive constructors for tetrahedra, arrows, cubes, squares, octagons, a color wheel, an airplane with moving propeller, and sampled surfaces.

TREEDV prints its own long programming guide through TREEDV/3D-DOCUMENT, but registers no HACKS menu entry. The file says updates can take one to ten seconds and that its experimental fixed-point mode does not work well. Color paths require the separately omitted COLORHACK module; monochrome operation remains source-defined.

VOTRAX

VOTRAX drives a physical speech synthesizer through a 300-baud, eight-data-bit, two-stop-bit serial stream. It maps symbolic phonemes and four stress levels to device bytes; a number in a phoneme list changes the stress prefix. SPEAK sends a phoneme list, SPEAK-WORD and SPEAK-WORDS look up :VOTRAX-WORD properties, and SPEAK-SENTENCE separates words on spaces or hyphens. An unknown word prompts the user to enter a phoneme list and stores it on the symbol.

DUMP-WORD-FILE and LOAD-WORD-FILE persist that learned property database. Printer base :VOTRAX speaks formatted fixnums while also printing them. SPEAK-RAN sends random device values, and OPERATOR plays a canned telephone-disconnection sentence. The older raw DL11 register routines are inside COMMENT; the active path uses the serial-stream abstraction.

No emulator audio substitute can verify the intended speech. Meaningful runtime testing requires an isolated compatible serial endpoint or a protocol recorder which can establish emitted bytes without claiming to reproduce the Votrax voice.

WORDS

WORDS is not an application. It is a Lisp data file of DEFPROP forms mapping symbols to VOTRAX-WORD phoneme/stress lists, including number words and the canned operator sentence vocabulary. Loading it extends VOTRAX's lexicon. It has no entry point, process, display, or input handling, and is therefore kept as support data.

WHAT

WHAT recreates the style of the ITS WHAT utility as a novelty dispatcher. It canonicalizes a question by trimming terminal ?, ., and !, uppercases it, and walks an ordered database. Its five matching modes are exact match, substring, beginning, end, and a $ wildcard; a :MAP result rewrites part of the question and restarts parsing. A response may be a string, a function to call, or a list of files of which the first present one is displayed. An empty question prints saved sends; a numeric question requests that many sends; an unknown birthday-shaped question uses the time parser; all other misses answer “You tell me.”

The shipped database answers or redirects queries about time/date, identity, version and system, disk errors, users, notifications, patches/modifications, features, HACKS, Digital Crock, birthdays, saved messages, jokes, and historical MIT-local news or documentation files. Several file paths and services are site-local and will be absent. Some function responses are operational—notably loading patches, printing system data, invoking Crock/DC, or entering the HACKS menu—so arbitrary questions are not a purely inert text game.

WHAT-CAN-I-DO lists every trigger, WHAT-RANDOMNESS selects one at random, ADD-WHAT extends the live database, WHAT-PRINT-DEMONS reports process reasons, and TEST-WHAT runs a small or complete parser test. The source explicitly lists old ITS commands it could not implement and several unimplemented candidates. It has no HACKS menu registration.

TVBGAR and WORMCH support objects

TVBGAR is a 740-byte QFASL loaded after the Lisp modules. It supplies the four bug raster arrays consumed lazily by TVBUG; it has no user entry point.

WORMCH is a 1,696-byte QFASL accompanied by a 607-byte assembler/source witness. The system loads it as support for the worm display, not as a menu item. The public WORM font is also loaded independently by the Lisp code. Treating these binary names as two more “applications” would inflate a payload dependency into a false user-interface claim.

System 46 to System 303 lineage

The released System 46 tree has no equivalent modular HACKS declaration. Its lmio1/hacks.189 combines Organ, Munching Tunes, Munching Squares, and Lexiphage in one file, while lmdemo/organ.6 and compiled GEB/Organ objects provide additional witnesses. The released lmio1/votrax.6 is a direct predecessor of the maintained serial speech facility. System 303 separates programs into files, adds the dynamic DEFDEMO menu, uses reusable HOF windows, and grows a much larger optional suite.

This does not mean every program first appeared in System 303. Individual comments give earlier authorship/edit dates, and several maintained files clearly preserve older experiments. The evidence establishes the two snapshots and their organization, not a complete chronology for every intervening system.

Complete animation coverage

The preservation target is one complete bounded runtime animation per runnable program: actual invocation, enough ordinary operation to establish its behavior and controls, and the real stop or exit path. A still image, two unrelated endpoint frames, or a source-level inference does not satisfy this target. Continuous motion is recorded continuously; prompt- or turn-oriented programs may use ordered action-boundary frames from one interaction.

This ledger is intentionally stricter than “source present.” HAKDEF, TVBGAR, and WORMCH are infrastructure/support modules rather than independent visual programs. Hardware-, service-, and data-dependent rows remain blocked until the required fixture exists; they must not be replaced by a fabricated animation.

Runtime verification

The tested System 303 base band does not load HACKS; source presence alone did not put HACKS:DEMO, HACKS:NQIX, or the other definitions into the initial world. The repository's isolated FILE bridge can load public lowercase source by constructing raw pathname components, as established in the harness guide.

Session hacks-doctor-d56-d57-20260718, generation 1, loaded the exact public demo/hakdef.lisp and demo/qix.lisp files through that bridge. The reproducible forms were:

(load (fs:make-pathname
        :host "LOCAL-BRIDGE"
        :raw-directory '("tree" "demo")
        :raw-name "hakdef"
        :raw-type "lisp"))

(load (fs:make-pathname
        :host "LOCAL-BRIDGE"
        :raw-directory '("tree" "demo")
        :raw-name "qix"
        :raw-type "lisp"))

Both loads reported package HACKS. Because Listener 1 was deliberately retained inside the companion Doctor probe, the live System Menu's Lisp action created Listener 2. That new Listener used its displayed #<Readable ...> syntax rather than the boot Listener's traditional syntax; a direct HACKS:NQIX read as an unbound HACKS variable. After declining the debugger, this package-neutral call selected the same function:

(funcall (intern "NQIX" (find-package "HACKS")))

NQIX immediately cleared the full Listener interior and drew the evolving source-defined XOR line trail. Pressing Space satisfied SYS:KBD-HARDWARE-CHAR-AVAILABLE, stopped the loop, and returned NIL to the Listener. The capture therefore verifies the real stream dimensions, direct drawing, history trail, XOR evolution, and any-key stop path. It does not verify the menu wrapper or any other HACKS member.

The published image is the exact 768-by-963 framebuffer, not a reconstruction or crop. It displays only public CADR runtime graphics and short functional status labels. Its publication is covered by the capture-specific rights review.

Session hacks-record-cadr-20260726, generation 1, repeated the public HAKDEF and QIX load and recorded the complete bounded operation continuously:

The 768-by-963 recording runs for 18 seconds at 10 frames per second. Its linked harness action record establishes the NQIX call; the function clears the Listener too quickly for the typed form to remain legible in the video. The clip retains the evolving trail, includes the Space stop, and ends after return to the Listener. The session stopped cleanly with forced_stop=false, state_may_be_incomplete=false, usim and Xvfb exit status 0, and the public base disk unchanged. The ignored FFV1 source has SHA-256 2118057bb2f61b3ba5d04ac5a43fb753deff5e6197d1cdb4c0ba4d15ae5cbae3; the reviewed 180-frame GIF has SHA-256 b3ebd3acc10c044b8ff86c81775f2ebdd7239a3dcfec452d15548bcca844e85a.

Programs requiring color hardware, a Votrax, missing ELP-ARRAY or RISING SUN data, configured Chaos/file services, printer hardware, or an audio capture fixture still require separate tests. The monochrome QIX observation must not be generalized to those members.

Artifact provenance

The following canonical files were read from the repository's public, pinned System 303 export on 2026-07-18. Paths are relative to demo/; no licensed Genera payload is represented.

Findings and open work

• Sourced fact: the optional HACKS system is a loader and registry boundary; it is not equivalent to either the menu or the whole demo/ directory.
• Implementation finding: several supposedly casual demos are reusable substrates—ALARM, COLORHACK, TREEDV, Organ, and the German printer—while other files are one-shot drawing functions with no UI.
• Implementation finding: the suite often uses any pending character as an asynchronous stop condition. Running it through a modern keyboard bridge must distinguish host key delivery from original keyboard legends.
• Runtime observation: public HAKDEF and QIX loaded through the isolated bridge; NQIX drew the expected evolving XOR trail and stopped on Space. The reviewed exact framebuffer is published above. This verifies one representative, not the suite as a whole.
• Open: FREDKIN's ELP-ARRAY and PFOM's RISING SUN are absent; their historical pixels must remain unknown unless a rights-cleared public witness is found.
• Open: VOTRAX needs a serial protocol fixture plus either a real compatible synthesizer or a faithful emulator supplied with its required local ROM; color modules need a four-bit screen implementation; network alarms need an isolated configured Chaos site.
• Open: the exact authorship and pre-System-46 lineage of every experiment is not established merely by comments in the latest files. A separate history study should corroborate dates and initials against earlier source revisions.

Sources

• LM-3 maintained System source, HACKS declaration, HAKDEF, ALARM, GEB, ORGAN, QIX, and TREEDV, check-in 4df393c68d7f083ce42d5c377039d26043cc18a9031ace28258dc97f4137eb91.
• MIT CADR System Software, public System 46 source tree, lmio1/hacks.189, and lmio1/votrax.6, commit 8e978d7d1704096a63edd4386a3b8326a2e584af.
• MAME, src/devices/sound/votrax.cpp, commit c531ffa701750a5345a856ec205c6428057aa63a; inspected 2026-07-26. This is evidence for the available emulation path and its ROM dependency, not evidence that the CADR runtime has already been connected to it.
• CADR software catalog, for the complete release census and inclusion boundary.
• Genera HACKS demonstration suite, for the separately licensed later generation and exact descriptor comparison.

Last verified: 2026-07-26.